REPORT DIGITAL SIGNATURE(C.S. & I.T)

In today's commercial environment, establishing a framework for the authentication of computer-based information requires a familiarity with concepts and professional skills from both the legal and computer security fields. Combining these two disciplines is not an easy task. Concepts from the information security field often correspond only loosely to concepts from the legal field, even in situations where the terminology is similar. For example, from the information security point of view, "digital signature" means the result of applying to specific information certain specific technical processes described below. The historical legal concept of "signature" is broader. It recognizes any mark made with the intention of authenticating the marked document. In a digital setting, today's broad legal concept of "signature" may well include markings as diverse as digitized images of paper signatures, typed notations such as "/a/Abb SSh," or even addressing notations, such as electronic mail origination headers.
From an information security viewpoint, these simple "electronic signatures" are distinct from the "digital signatures" described in this tutorial and in the technical literature, although "digital signature" is sometimes used to mean any form of computer- based signature. These Guidelines use "digital signature" only as it is used in information security terminology, as meaning the result of applying the technical processes described in this tutorial.
To explain the value of digital signatures in legal applications, this tutorial begins with an overview of the legal significance of signatures. It then sets forth the basics of digital signature technology, and examines how, with some legal and institutional infrastructure, digital signature technology can be applied as a robust computer-based alternative to traditional signatures.
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District Collectrate for office Integration(CS & IT)

District Collectorate Office – Information Integration is to maintain and group together information from various departments of collector office, schools and hospitals.
Purpose
Conventionally the citizen has to go to collector office in person to get the certificates like Community, Birth, Income , Ration card etc. resulting in a lot of wastage of time as well as money(involved for conveyance purpose). Here we provide the online registration facility for getting certificate to the citizens. So that they have to visit collector office only once at the time of certificate provision .
Scope
Create different employees and assign corresponding privileges.
Maintain a centralized database to provide security to information which can be accessed only by the admin.
Employee logs on to his account to approve/decline/reject the forms which are send by citizens to get certificates, under verification.
Transfer employee and promotion feature.
Track all the employees, citizens and their contact details.
All users are authenticated to avail the service.
Confirmation link is sent to the new user and employee when signing up.
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CLAP OPERATED REMOTE CONTROL FOR FANS(EC)

In modern electronics,we find this clap-operated remote control system quite useful in summers as it would enable you to control the speed of your fan or cooler, besides switching it on or off. Normally, a fan has three to five speeds but this remote control can control up to ten-step speed control fan. Besides, it provides visual indication of the speed of the fan.
The sound operated switch has the advantage that the transmitter is always with you. Further it can be used in hospitals for handicapped and in houses too.
These switches may be used to control lights or fans or anything else that does not produce too loud a sound. To prevent an occasional loud sound from causing malfunction, the circuit is normally quiescent.
This circuit may be considered in four parts : sound-operated trigger pulse generator, clock pulse generator, clock pulse counter and load operator.
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MICROCONTROLLER BASED ROBOTIC ARM WITH 3-D MOVEMENTS(EIC)

Robotic arm a prototype of an actual human arm capable of doing the same work beside found more fruitful application area. A robotic arm is a robot manipulator, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm. The links of such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion (such as in an articulated robot) or translational (linear) displacement. The links of the manipulator can be considered to form a kinematic chain
Whole project can be divided into three phases which include designing of the circuit and development of the source code and burning of the source code.
Circuit layout includes circuit and component to be placed on the board. Firstly design it on the pc design software and running of the test. Pc design software must include all component and results should be taken carefully. Each component should be properly tested while placing it on the board. Each component should be of specific rating to meet the desired result.
A development of Source Code includes creation of the assembly program and simulates it with the proper simulator software. We have included top-view simulator as simulator software. Input-output can be easily checked with the help of the input –output window.
On the completion of the above step, the final step includes program burning using a program burner. Program must be burn carefully and placing of the microcontroller should be taken care of while placing it on the burner. While burning microcontroller should me remove.
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